Driving means for motors, engines, pumps, and the like



June 23,1942 FARR L 2,287,673

DRIVING MEANS FOR MOTORS, ENGINES, PUMPS, AND THE LIKE Filed Feb. 16,- 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet l R I m x g N Z UEI II :llLLlLllllhiHllLl k I k I u is 1 m O N I J I 1 x v wow; I N

2 Z I INVifTOR. BY dc ATTORNEY.

June 23, 1942. M. J. FARRELL 2,287,673

DRIVING MEANS FOR MOTORS, ENGINES, ,PUMPS, AND THE LIKE Filed Feb. 16, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 [L gs) Z INVENTOR.

June 3 1942- M. J. FARRELL ,6 3

DRIVING MEANS FOR MOTORS, ENGINES, PUMPS, AND THE LIKE Filed Feb. 16, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 NYENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

J1me 1942- M. .1. FARRELL DRIVING MEANS FOR MOTORS, ENGINES, PUMPS, AND THE LIKE 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Feb. 16, 1940 I PaientedJune 23, 1942- UNl'lED STATE DBIVII VG MEANS FOR MOTORS, ENGINES,

PUMP THE LIKE Michael J. Farrell, Atlantic Highlands, n.1,-

signorof one-fourth to Fi'ancis J.

Jersey City, N. J.

wliepr Application February 16, 1940, Serial No. 319,218-

7 Claims.

The object of the present invention is to provide novel means for converting reciprocatory motion into circular motion, as of a shaft, or

vice versa, by the use of a large ring or paraldelivered at a relatively lower motor speed with Q better acceleration.

I nut lo.

My invention is adaptable to any standard type of reciprocal motor, engine, pump and the like.

The invention will be described with reference lel rings, a crank pin, or cam or cams integral t he a mp ny r w in which! with or carried by the drive-or driven shaft, Figure 1 is a Vertical s tion taken longituand an internal floating eccentric bearing, or exy Of a interns-1 combustion engine, shewternal heavy duty rollers which act upon the ing a P piston crank shaft end e crank pin, or cam or cams, or which are acted D r n an m nt of the v o the upon thereby. r l0 piston being shown at compression or exhaust By means of the invention the reciprocatory p ntransition, independent of rigid guides or con- Figure 2 is a V ew Of t e e bodiment shown nections,v between the driving and driven elein Figure in transverse section. showing the ments, is a combination motion of two diamepiston at compression or exhaust P n. ters, an intermediary diameter which may be F r 3 i a V w Of he m i n P y made variable and equalizing in accordance with in transverse section, the Piston being shOWn in particular conditions, and a circular pitch dia e d ate position. ameter which is constant, the pitch diameter of Figure 4 is a Vi w, s m lar to Fi ur h D the intermediary being equal to the height of the ten being s wn at th end of a p w s k perpendicular x 1.2732, and the circular pitch Figure 5 is VieW P y in sv se see ien diameter being equal to the stroke x 0.6366, the showing a odified form of the invention. circumference of the pitch circle being equal Figure 6 is a V w howing an emb diment of t t stroke t t I T Figure 5, partly in longitudinal section.

Also by means of the invention the reciproca- Figure 7 is a vertical section taken through tory transition (the stroke of the piston being W pp cylinders and an intermediate crank reater than the throw of the crankshaft), comease. showing a modified form of the inventio plements the applied'crank motion to the extent the section being. taken transversely of. an that the crank throw does not determine the gihe, 0n the e Figure 8. stroke, or the diameter of the pitch circle. The Figure 8 s a a n a y l n tud al s i n acceleration of the piston is approximately the throug e engine illustrating the elements same from top and bottom centers and the cen shown in the Preceding fi ters may be timed-as instantaneous or broad, Figure 9 is a tic de a d V w showing the linear moments equaling the angular mo.- theclllved bearing P t which immediately merits. Also by mean f th invention th tacts with the crank of the'crank shaft, and clprocatory transition provided thereby may be Which y be ted for an immediate eonemployed in heavy and light duty motors timed tact between the roller bearing elements and the as desired with either high, intermediate or low e speed motion by increasing or decreasing the Referring to Figures 1 to 4 inclusive, I have height of the perpendicular or the path of the shown at i water-ceeied Combustion Cylinder perpendicular or increasing or decreasing the 40 eev dv y a head 2. Within the cylinder is a perpendicular point of contact so that the in- Disteh 3 a y a piston d 4 Wh h at i s terval of time required for the completion of lower end is f m as a ring the ring the cycle may be increased or decreased. rounding Crank 3 o Crank shaft o W A further object of the invention is to provide in g 418 is fleating hearing, which hearing such a connection between a shaft and a pis- 45 comprises headed T0116! 5 w i a s c ank 51!: ton driving the shaft or driven by-the shaft that through e intermediary o two sets Of ro ler lateral stresses upon the piston may be minibearings, h set being held within a cage 60mmized and to obtain a positive motion with a prising the inner flanged cage member] and the rolling contact between the linear and circularouter reversely flanged cage member Ix, the rollly moving elements adaptable to a compound ers themselves-being indicated at 8.

The end of roller 6 opposite its head Ba: will he threaded to receive a collar 9 and a retaining It will be understood that any other means such as a collar and cotter pin may be 55 employed to hold roller 5 in position and, at

inclusive, and thence to the crank shaft until the crank shaft moves approximately 90. For the balance of the downward thrust of the piston, i. e., from the position of Figure 3 to the position of Figure 4, the ring exerts a thrust directly upon the crank. n the upward motion of the piston the action is reversed.

In Figures 1 to 4 inclusive, I have shown the crank case sections ii and i2 formed with internally projecting areas at Hz, i2:r forming a continuous rib, and the rib may be so formed and related to the ring that the latter may have a light contact with the rib, acting as an internal guide.

In Figures 5 and 6 the 'shaft 8 is formed with a lateral off-set 8a: which integrally carries two parallel shaft-cams l6. Shaft 8 rotates in a crank casing i1 intermediate two cylinders I, ix, provided with cylinder heads 2, 23. Within cylinder i is a piston 31: which carries a short rigid piston rod l8, the latter being transversely apertured to receive a shaft IS, the shaft projecting laterally of short rod I8, and serving as a bearing member for two rollers 20. .The shaft is carries roller retaining abutments. These abutr'nents may be as shown in Figure 6 wherein the opposite ends of shaft iii are axially apertured (and threaded) to receive studs holding retaining heads as shown at 2|.

Cylinder in: receives a piston 3am: which may be the same in construction as the companion piston 33:. By reference to Figure 5 it will be seen that the short piston rod I82 carried by piston Sam: is bolted to the latter by means of the bolts 22, and short piston rod I81: is apertured to receive a shaft I91: and rollers 201:.

In the embodiment of the invention .illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, the opposed short piston rods i8 and i8:c, are integrally connected by a ring connecting-element 23.

In the modification of the invention illustrated in Figures 7, 8, 9, a similar form of shaft 8 and crank 8a: is employed as in the structure of Figures 5 and 6, and the water-cooled cylinders i, im, with their heads 2, 2:0, are employed as in the said preceding figures.

Intermediate the cylinders is a crank case23. Each of the opposed pistons 31:, 3am has rigidly secured thereto by the bolts 24 one end of a connecting rod 25 which, at its inner end, is provided with a relatively long and narrow bar-like member 26 which is secured by the studs 21, to the piston rod connections 28.

As shown in Figure 8, the piston rod bars 26 are channeled to receive the connections 28 and before these connections are secured in position an internal and external contact ring is placed to embrace the crank, the ring being shown at 29. This ring enters the channelways in members 26 and in turn receives and is embraced by the sides of a floating roller bearing member 30 of cardioid shape.

At its face nearest the crank 8.1: the roller hearing member is formed with a detachable and sectional facing as shown in Figure 9, this raceway section comprising'the outermost sections 3i and the innermost sections 32, 32a: keyed to the outermost sections, the outermost sections being aper- In the reciprocation of the pistons the ring 28 slides from side to side in the raceway provided by the channels in the members 26, and the floating roller bearing it follows the rotary path of movement of the crank so that there is a compound action assuring at all times a rectilinear motion of the piston rods and an action by the crank throughout assuring equal acceleration of the piston from the top and bottom centers :wi: I

' r ff 'f 'l fincipdl of f'operation By means of thein'vention a straight line reciprocating motion may be converted into a circular or rotating motion, or vice'versa, independently of rigid connections between the driving and driven elements. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 4 inclusive, this is accomplished by the use of two rollers, one large ring carried by the piston rod (which in this case has a pivotal relation with the piston by means of piston pin P) and a usual style of crank on the crank shaft.

The rollers make a complete revolution around the crank for each revolution of the shaft, pushing the crank from top and sharp dead center position of the rollers throughout a movement to wherein the ring pushes the crank until bottom center is reached. The action is reversed upon the return movement of the piston.

It will thus be seen that the power impulse is transmitted with constant velocity, and increasing velocity is secured by increasing pressure. This enables excellent acceleration.

The invention utilizes both the force of combustion and the expansion of the gases under combustionin an adequate manner, as the piston does not have the tendency to get away from the charge. Power is not sacrificed for speed, and therefore, there is more time than usual in the course of a power stroke for more complete combustion of mixture, which results in greater kinetic energy from a. lean mixture, easier starting, and a much cooler motor. Also, due to the sharp dead center, more rapid compression is secured than with usual constructions.

In the embodiment of Figures 5 and 6 the 0pposed sets of rollers 20, 20:0, exert a compound action upon the'shaft-cam Assuming that the charge is fired above piston 3.73, the downward movement of said piston-will, through connecting ring element 23, effect a reverse movement of piston 3x1: for compression or exhaust in cylinder is. In the power stroke of piston 30: cams i6 will be rotated in the direction of the arrow and will have an orbital movement with their axes coincident with the axis of the crank shaft.

,The periphery of the cams will always simultaneously contact with the peripheries of the upper and lower sets of rollers, and the complete orbital movement of the cam i6 will be effected by two power strokes, one by piston 32: and the second by piston 3.2.1:. Thus, in the construction of Figures 5 and 6, there are two power strokes and desire to secure P s n" relation between the flattened area of the cams nearest the crank 83: and the rollers toward the end of a firing stroke of one piston, a very rapid compression stroke is imparted to the companion piston.

The action of the structure shown in Figures 7 and}! is substantially similar to that of Figures 1 to 4 inclusive. The form of the floating bearing 30 is advantageous inasmuch as it affords greater contact surfaces between the crank and the ring; and a feature of the construction is the sliding contact between the ring andthe opposed piston bars.

- In all of the forms of the invention the reciprocatory motionof a piston and piston connection effects the rotation of a shaft through the intermediary of a crank or a cam generally eccentric to the shaft and an annular ring in which the crank or cam rotates, two forms of the invention employing an internal floating bearing in contact 1 with the ring, and the crank or cam.

By means of the invention a predetermined cumference of the pitch circle is equal to the stroke two times, the diameter of the crank equals the stroke X 0.3634, the height of the perpendicular equals the stroke x .5000, and the throw equals the stroke of X 0.3183. If the height of the perpendicular is not increased the ratio between the pitch circle and the stroke will remain constant, by a proportionate increase in the diameter of the crank and the floating hearing, this increase resulting-in a decrease of. the diametrical pitch, and this decrease will continue until the diameter of the crank equals the diameter of the pitch circle. A further increase in the diameter of the crank and floating hearing will result in a proportionate increase of the pitch circle and the stroke remains constant.

It will be understood that various modificationsdevice" means either a shaft crank such as shown -in Figures 1 to 4, for example, or'a shaft held cam as shown in other figures. 7

Having described my invention, what I claim by Letters Patent, is as follows:

2. The combination in a driving means for internal combustion-engines and the like, of a cylinder, a piston, a circuit contact ring, means for operatively connecting said ring and the piston, a shaft, a crank pin, said crank pin in circuit contact with said ring and an intermediate bearing medium eccentric to the crank pin and free from'connection therewith, to operatively maintain-said circuit contact of crank pin and-ring. in the reciprocating of the piston.

- 3. The combination in a driving means for internal combustion engines and the like, of a cylinder, a piston, a circuit contact ring, means 'with the shaft, adapted to operatively maintain said circuit contact of crank pin and ring, in the reciprocation of the piston.

4. The combination in a driving means for internal combustion engines and the like, compris-' ing opposed cylinders, a piston in each cylinder, a circuit contactring, means for operatively connecting said ring andthe pistons, comprising a raceway for the ring, said raceway being carried by the pistons and permitting movements of the ring transversely of the axis of the pistons, the rotating device havinga lateral offset eccentric ring, and an intermediary bearing medium, ee-

7 centric to the rotation device and free from conr is at zero eccentricity with the axis of rotation,

1. The combination in a drivingmeans for internal combustion engines and the like, of a cylinder, a piston, a shaft, a circuit contact ring surrounded by the shaft, means for operatively connecting said ring and the piston, a device for .causing the rotation of the shaft, said device being in contact with said ring, and a bearing medium intermediate the shaft and rotation device and eccentric to the rotation device adapted to'operatively maintain said contact of the rotation deziaicg and ring, in, thereciprocation of the .toithe 'mediumfblnc 'freerromz connection to the shaft to operatively maintain said circuit contact of the rotating device and the ring, in the reciprocation of the pistons.

5. A driving means for internal combustion engines and the like constructed in accordance with claim 1, in which the device for causing the rotation of an axis in circuit contact with the ring an intermediatebearing cam on and eccentric to the axis of rotation, and a bearing device carried by the ring and free from connection to the shaft to operatively maintain said circuit contact of the rotation device and the ring, in the reciprocation of the piston.

-6. Driving means for internal combustion engine and the like, constructed in accordance with claim 1, in which the bearing member comprises a roller bearing having 'a cage carrying rollers within a raceway having opposedreversely curved areas, one area conforming with an adjacent surface curvature of the shaft eccentric.

-'7. In driving means for internal combustion engines and the like constructed in accordance with'ciaim 1, means for operatively connecting the ring and the piston comprising, a raceway for the ring, said raceway being carried by the piston and permitting movements -of the ring transversely of the axis of movement of the piston.

' MCHAEL J. FARRHL. 

